Rishi
Sunak
As PM, Rishi
Sunack's election promises, had not materialized as of July 2023.
According to Zac
Goldsmith, the PM has turned his back on climate
change. There are still far too few EV charging points, and nobody
has thought to implement California style legislation to force electric
car makers to introduce a budget vehicle, for low income families to be
able to afford the transition. That would quash much of what is
circulating in the media, about the cost of owning and operating an EV.
Where most new Electric
Vehicle models are large executive semi-recreational models, or
4x4s. What is needed are budget Evs, in the £5-10,000 pound range. A
new breed of Mini, 2CV or Fiat Topolino. The Ford Model T of the 2020s.
And, this is easily achievable, in the modern age of mass production and
knowledge transfer. And perhaps, invoking green
patents. That so far, the WIPO and UKIPO, are fighting shy of.
ABOUT
RISHI
Rishi Sunak (born 12 May 1980) is a British Conservative Party politician serving as Chancellor of the
Exchequer in Boris Johnson's cabinet, since February 2020. He was appointed following the resignation of Sajid Javid during a cabinet reshuffle in 2020. Sunak previously served as Chief Secretary to the Treasury under Javid from July 2019 to February 2020, and has been the
Member of Parliament
(MP) for Richmond (Yorks) since the 2015 general election.
In
Bojo's
September 2021 reshuffle, he remained Chancellor.
Born in Southampton, Hampshire to an Indian Punjabi family, his early education was at Winchester College. Sunak subsequently studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at Lincoln College, Oxford, and later gained an MBA from Stanford University as a Fulbright Scholar. After graduating, Sunak worked for investment bank Goldman Sachs, and later as a partner at the hedge fund management firm The Children's Investment Fund Management.
Sunak was selected as the Conservative candidate for Richmond (Yorks) in October 2014. The seat had previously been held by former leader of the party and foreign secretary William Hague, who chose to stand down at the next general election. In the same year, Sunak was the head of centre-right think tank Policy Exchange's Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Research Unit, for which he co-wrote a report on BME communities in the UK. Sunak was elected as MP for the constituency in the 2015 general election with a majority of 19,550 (36.2%). During the 2015–2017 parliament, Sunak was a member of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee.
He supported the UK leaving the European Union (EU) in the June 2016 membership referendum. In the same year, he wrote a report for the
Thatcherite think tank, the Centre for Policy Studies, supporting the establishment of free ports post-Brexit, and the following year wrote a report advocating for the creation of a retail bond market for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Sunak was re-elected as MP in the 2017 general election, with an increased majority of 23,108 (40.5%). He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary for
Local Government between January 2018 and July 2019. Sunak voted for then
Prime Minister
Theresa May's Brexit withdrawal agreement and voted against a referendum on any withdrawal agreement. He supported
Boris Johnson in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election and co-wrote an article in The Times newspaper with fellow MPs Robert Jenrick, and
Oliver Dowden to advocate for Johnson during the campaign in June.
He was re-elected in the 2019 general election with an increased majority of 27,210 (47.2%). During the election campaign, Sunak represented the
Conservatives in both the BBC's and ITV's seven-way election debates.
Sunak was promoted to Chancellor of the Exchequer on 13 February 2020 as part of a cabinet reshuffle, after the resignation of his predecessor
Sajid Javid on the same day. Javid had resigned after being asked by
Prime Minister Johnson to dismiss his advisers.
Sunak's first budget took place on 11 March 2020. This included an announcement of £30 billion of additional spending of which £12 billion was allocated for mitigation of the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Less than a week after on 17 March, Sunak announced £330
billion of government-backed loans for businesses and an extension of business rates relief as emergency measures against the pandemic. Three days later, he announced further measures including a commitment to pay 80% of the salary for staff unable to work, up to a maximum of £2,500 per month, if their employer retained them on their payroll. This was the first time a
British government had created such an employee retention scheme.
FOSSIL
FOOLS - Geriatric politicians with 'climate-senile' policies will
find in difficult to break away from their corrupt ways, as part time
politicians with two jobs. Their main job being to find paid consultancy
work, rather than craft policies and create statute that works to
protect our voters from lung
cancer, energy shortages and a lack of affordable (sustainable)
housing.
The
'zerophobics' are the undertakers of the political world, sending
millions of ordinary people to an early grave, while loading us with NHS,
hospital and staff costs that would not be needed if we had clean air in
our cities.
Basically,
the longer you are in politics, the more likely you are to be exposed to
bribes, from climate
deniers, mostly fossil fuel and energy companies, looking to keep on
pumping toxic fumes into the atmosphere, so they can keep making money.
The political undertakers are working with them to keep hospitals
stocked with cancer victims, adding to the £Trillions we owe as part of
the national debt. Under Boris and Rishi Sunack, pensioner's saving have
halved in real terms. According to the media, they are blood sucking vampires, draining what
little you had saved for your retirement.
RISHI'S
BUDGET
The Budget marks the start of record levels of investment in the people’s priorities – infrastructure, the NHS and public services – to ensure the promises in December’s General Election are kept and the potential of every part of the United Kingdom, including the South East, is unleashed.
CARBON CAPTURE
Sunak said the government was spending at least £800m establishing two or more carbon capture and storage clusters by 2030 to “store millions of tons of
carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere”. These clusters, he said, would create up to 6,000 high-skilled, high-wage jobs in areas such as Teesside, Humberside, Merseyside or St Fergus in Scotland.
RAILWAYS
Sunak merely reaffirmed the government’s commitment to fund the Manchester-Leeds leg. All the budget promised Bradford in terms of new money was “up to £500,000” to support its regeneration and development plans to increase the benefits of potential Northern Powerhouse Rail connections.
Liverpool wants to be the western terminus of Northern Powerhouse Rail. But Sunak failed to mention the maritime city, to the frustration of Steve Rotheram, the mayor of the Liverpool city region.
“[Sunak] could have mentioned the fact we are in detailed negotiations of the Liverpool to Manchester leg, which is much easier to get through a planning process because it’s basically farmers’ fields we will be going through,” Rotheram said.
“It’s not an engineering challenge because we are not going through the Pennines. I don’t see the myopia changing in government sometimes. They talk about getting things done, well, this is oven-ready, to use government parlance. The focus as always is on other areas.”
But Sunak did promise £4.bn for “London-style” transport funding settlements over the next five years, shared between the Liverpool city region and the other seven mayoral combined authorities – in West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, West Midlands, Tyne and Wear, west of England, Sheffield city region and Tees Valley.
ROADS
Mr Sunak announced an investment of £27 billion in Britain’s roads, which includes the second round of Major Road Network and Large Local Major schemes proceeding to the next stage of development, plus a £2.5 billion fund to repair Britain’s
potholes, aiming to fill 50 million potholes and resurfacing roads over the next five years.
The government is investing £4.2 billion in the transport networks of eight city regions across England from 2022-23. Funding will be delivered through five-year, consolidated transport settlements.
It will provide £83 million of
funding for local road maintenance in the South East through the
Potholes Fund in 2020-21.
THE ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY
A plastic packaging tax will come into force from April 2022 to incentivise the use of recycled plastic in packaging and help tackle the scourge of plastic in the natural environment.
Rob Morgan, investment analyst at Charles Stanley Direct, says: “The Chancellor’s new plastic packaging tax is a step in the right direction towards encouraging people to alter their day-to-day behaviour towards socially responsible investing. Government intervention is key, as demonstrated by the plastic bag campaign where more than half (56%) say they are aware of it, and 15% say they have subsequently changed their behaviour as result.”
Fuel subsidies for off-road vehicles or “red diesel” will be scrapped for most sectors in two years’ time.
Communities affected by this winter's flooding will receive £120 million in emergency funding, plus £200 million for flood resilience.
WHAT
IS AFFORDABLE - The Conservative Party's idea of affordable is not
in keeping with the real meaning, it is more a spin to make it appear as
if they are working for genuine sustainability. Flatpacks made of timber
cost a fraction of the price of a brick built unit, lock up carbon and
reduce energy bills. When Margaret
Thatcher allowed councils to sell off their housing stocks as a
quick-fix to boosting their income, she failed to make sure that they
built new social housing.
In
fact Wealden have not built any number of genuinely affordable homes,
and increasingly encroach on neighbouring council's infrastructure
without settling up. We would like to know where all the money collected
on the basis of a Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) is going? Is it
another slush fund that is being used to promote the interests of the
upper echelon of executives looking to retire with enhanced benefits?
AFFORDABLE HOMES
The Government is investing a further £9.5 billion in the
Affordable Homes Programme which in total will allocate £12.2 billion of grant funding from 2021-22 to support the creation of affordable homes across England.
There is no evidence to show that any of this money went to build
genuinely affordable homes. All local authorities do is maintain a
register of those who want to build their own home. But, as we have
verified for ourselves, there are no plots of land available. No
councils have used their powers of compulsory purchase to provide such
land. But, umpteen councils have purchased other land, to develop their
own property portfolios.
In the UK thousands of
executive houses have been built after the floodgates were
opened to unsustainable development in the countryside, meaning that
fat-cat landlords gained more of a foothold, not less. The idea was to
blackmail developers into building 30% of the new stock as affordable.
It never happened because there were no too many loopholes for kleptocratic
councils to make a fast buck - never mind the climate emergency they
were helping to fuel in building expensive houses devoid of solar
panels, water heaters and charging points, etc.
The
Nolan Report was supposed to change council practices to outlaw cozy
positions of trust being abused. That did not work either. Greg Clark
made an effort to secure land for affordable housing with the 2012
National Planning Policy Document. But that did not work either. The
fact is that young families cannot get on the housing ladder at
genuinely affordable prices because land is not being compulsorily
purchased, or otherwise earmarked for affordable housing (only).
The definition of affordable is that an ordinary working man might
purchase such a unit on his wage.
As
an example of councils behaving badly, Wealden have proven themselves to
be one of the most corrupt councils over many years, leading to a Petition
in 1997, where the police did not investigate the misuse of
authority. The situation remains largely unchanged, where some of the
old staff are still in residence, clearly passing on their bad habits,
infecting newcomers. Lord
Nolan QC was wasting his time suggesting routine flushing of the
system, though Boris Johnson has seen the light in suggesting
examinations of competence, where .
Tom Slingsby, chief executive of property developer Southern Grove, says: “Only sufficient provision of affordable homes in the right areas can prevent the sort of social inconsistencies that appear when high property prices put key areas of UK cities off limits to younger workers and their families.
“We know from conversations we have constantly with housing associations that the appetite is there to keep building through economic cycles and this fund will ensure that will happen.”
Mr Sunak says that there will be almost £1.1 billion allocated from the Housing Infrastructure Fund to build nearly 70,000 new homes in high demand areas across the UK.
A new £400 million Brownfield Housing Fund aims to create more homes on brownfield land in areas such as the West Midlands.
INCOME
AND SCHOOLS
The National Insurance threshold will increase to £9,500 this April, benefitting 31 million people with a typical employee saving over £100 in 2020. In addition, the National Living Wage will increase by 6.2% to £8.72 from April.
Increases in the National Insurance threshold and the National Living Wage announced in the Budget will mean families keep more of the money they earn, while tens of millions of pounds of investment in the region’s roads, rail, housing, broadband and flood defences will ensure everyone can have the same chances and opportunities in life wherever they live.
Thanks to the Budget’s measures, someone working full-time on the minimum wage in the South East will be over £5,200 better off compared to ten years ago when the Conservatives came into office.
The Budget has also committed to a new £3 billion Skills Fund to ensure people gain the skills they need to get rewarding well-paid jobs. Additionally, now we have left the EU, the Government will abolish the tampon tax from 1 January 2021 and reduce the cost of essential sanitary products for women in the UK.
It will provide £29 million a year by 2023-24 to support primary school PE teaching, ensuring children are getting an active start to life and £90 million a year to introduce an Arts Premium to secondary schools in England.
CONTACT
RISHI
Constituency Office:
Unit 1, Omega Business Village
Northallerton, DL6 2NJ
Telephone: 01609 765330
Email: rishi.sunak.mp@parliament.uk
Westminster Office
House of Commons
London, SW1A 0AA
Tel: 020 7219 5437
Email as Chancellor: CEU.enquiries@hmtreasury.gov.uk
PRESSING
ISSUES
We
are particularly concerned with climate
change, transport and affordable
housing as issues that need urgent attention. Where the coastline
is a feature of the United Kingdom, Blue
Growth is a food
security issue, especially where this side of of our local economy
is under-exploited and at the same time under threat. There is no
Planet
B.
FORMER
CHANCELLOR - After his resignation, Rishi Sunack praises the former
Chancellor, Sajid Javid after his cabinet resignation.
CABINET
& MPS -MAY 2023 - MUSICAL CHAIRS & A LOT OF NEWCOMERS
BRAVE ENOUGH TO TRAVEL UP SHIT CREEK WITHOUT PADDLES
Rishi
Sunack
Prime
Minister
|
Alex
Chalk
Justice
Minister
|
Jeremy
Hunt
Chancellor
|
James
Cleverly
Foreign
Secretary
|
Suella
Braverman
Home
Secretary
|
Ben
Wallace
Defence
Secretary
|
Grant
Shapps
Energy
- Net Zero
|
Chloe
Smith
Science,
Innovation & Tech.
|
Michael
Gove
Housing
& Communities
|
Oliver
Dowden
Deputy
Prime Minister
|
Stephen
Barclay
Treasury
Sec.
|
Robert
Jenrick
Housing,
Local Gov.
|
Therese
Coffey
Work
& Pensions
|
Penny
Mordaunt
Ldr
House Commons
|
Simon
Hart
H
M Treasury
|
Victoria
Prentis
Attorney
General
|
Mel
Stride
Work
& Pensions
|
Gillian
Keegan
Education
|
Mark
Harper
Sec. State
Transport
|
Kemi
Badenoch
Equalities
Sec State Business
|
Lucy
Frazer
Culture,
Media & Sport
|
Greg
Hands
Cabinet
Office
|
Chris
Heaton-Harris
Northern
Ireland
|
Alister
Jack
Scotland
|
David
T C Davies
Sec. State Wales
|
John
Glen
Treasury
Secretary
|
Lord
True
House
Lords Privy Seal
|
Jeremy
Quin
Paymaster
General
|
Tom
Tugendhat
Home
Office Security
|
Andrew
Mitchell
Commonwealth
Africa
|
CABINET
MPS -MARCH 2020
Boris
Johnson
Prime
Minister
|
Rishi
Sunack
Chancellor
Exchequer
|
Priti
Patel
Home
Secretary
|
Dominic
Raab
Foreign
Secretary
|
Michael
Gove
Chancellor
D. Lancaster
|
Ben
Wallace
Defence
Secretary
|
Matt
Hancock
Health
& Social Care
|
Liz
Truss
International
Trade
|
Gavin
Williamson
Education
|
Oliver
Dowden
Culture
|
Alok
Sharma
MP
Reading West
|
Robert
Jenrick
Housing,
Local Gov.
|
Therese
Coffey
Work
& Pensions
|
Robert
Buckland
Justice
|
Anne-Marie
Trevelyan
International
Dev.
|
Grant
Shapps
Transport
|
George
Eustice
Environment
|
Brandon
Lewis
Northern
Ireland
|
Alister
Jack
Scottish
Sec. State
|
Simon
Hart
Welsh
Sec. State
|
Baroness
Evans
Leader
Lords
|
Amanda
Milling
Party
Chairman
|
Jacob
Rees-Mogg
Leader
Commons
|
Mark
Spencer
Chief
Whip
|
|
Suella
Braverman
Attorney
General
|
|
Stephen
Barclay
Treasury
Sec.
|
|
|
CONSERVATIVE
MPS 2017-2020
Boris
Johnson - Prime
Minister
MP
Uxbridge & South Ruislip
|
Rishi
Sunack
MP
for Richmond, Yorkshire
|
Grant
Shapps
MP
Welwyn Hatfield
|
Philip
Hammond
MP
Runnymede & Weybridge
|
Alok
Sharma
MP
Reading West
|
Damian
Green
MP
for Ashford
|
Gavin
Williamson
MP
South Staffordshire
|
Liam
Fox
MP
North Somerset
|
David
Lidlington
MP
for Aylesbury
|
Baroness
Evans
MP
Bowes Park Haringey
|
Jeremy
Hunt
MP
South West Surrey
|
Justine
Greening
MP
for Putney
|
Chris
Grayling
MP
Epsom & Ewell
|
Karen
Bradley
MP
Staffordshire Moorlands
|
Michael
Gove
MP
Surrey Heath
|
David
Gauke
MP
South West Hertfordshire
|
Sajid
Javid
MP
for Bromsgrove
|
James
Brokenshire
MP
Old Bexley & Sidcup
|
Alun
Cairns
MP
Vale of Glamorgan
|
David
Mundell MP
Dumfriesshire
Clydes & Tweeddale
|
Patrick
McLoughlin
MP Derbyshire
Dales
|
Greg
Clark
MP
Tunbridge Wells
|
Penny
Mordaunt
MP Portsmouth
North
|
Andrea
Leadsom
MP South Northamptonshire
|
Jeremy
Wright
MP
Kenilworth & Southam
|
Liz
Truss
MP
South West Norfolk
|
Brandon
Lewis
MP
Great Yarmouth
|
MP
Nus
Ghani
MP
Wealden
|
Huw
Merriman
MP
Battle
|
Steve
Double
MP
St Austell & Newquay
|
Sarah
Newton
MP
Truro & Falmouth
|
Rebecca
Pow
MP
Taunton Deane
|
Jacob
Rees-Mogg
MP Somerset
|
Gavin
Williamson
MP
Staffordshire
|
Thérèse Coffey
MP
Suffolk Coastal
|
Caroline
Ansell
MP Eastbourne
|
.
David
Davis
MP
Haltemprice & Howden
|
Claire
Perry
MP
for Devizes
|
Amber
Rudd
MP
Hastings & Rye
|
.
|
Theresa
May - former PM
MP
for Maindenhead
|
David
Cameron
Former
Prime
Minister
|
John
Major
Former
Prime
Minister
|
Margaret
Thatcher
Former
Prime
Minister
|
UK
POLITICS
The
United Kingdom has many political parties, some of which are
represented in the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
Below are links to the websites of the political parties that were
represented in the House of Commons after the 2015 General Election:
CONSERVATIVE
PARTY
CO-OPERATIVE
PARTY
DEMOCRAT
UNIONIST PARTY
GREEN
PARTY
LABOUR
PARTY
LIBERAL
DEMOCRATS
PLAID
CYMRU
SCOTTISH
NATIONAL PARTY
SINN
FEIN
SOCIAL
DEMOCRATIC AND LABOUR PARTY
UK
INDEPENDENCE PARTY
ULSTER
UNIONIST PARTY
Conservative
Party
Co-operative
Party
Democratic
Unionist Party
Green
Party
Labour
Party
Liberal
Democrats
Plaid
Cymru
Scottish
National Party
Sinn
Féin
Social
Democratic and Labour Party
UK
Independence Party
Ulster
Unionist Party
SIX
(SUGGESTED) STEPS TOWARD A COOLER PLANET
1.
TRANSPORT:
Phase out polluting vehicles. Governments aim to end the sale of new
petrol,
and diesel
vehicles by 2040 but have no infrastructure plan to support such
ambition. Marine transport can be carbon neutral. Zero
carbon shipping is gaining ground with offshore solar boat racers
reaching 35knots (Delft University @ Monaco 2019). The first solar
powered circumnavigation
record was set in 2012 by PlanetSolar.
That record could be halved by another contender
on the drawing board.
2.
RENEWABLES:
Renewable energy should replace carbon-based fuels (coal, oil
and gas)
in our electricity, heating and transport. We are well on the way to
that with solar
and wind
power now price competitive to fossil
fuels.
3.
HOUSING:
On site micro or macro generation is the best option, starting with
new build homes that are affordable and built of wood for improved
insulation and carbon lock. New units might not need planning consents
if energy self-sufficient, or very nearly so. Planning consents should
be struck for genuinely affordable/sustainable housing and self builds
where cost is below £50,000. See letter to
Nus Ghani July 2019.
4.
AGRICULTURE:
We need trees to absorb carbon emissions from a growing population,
flying, and to build new homes. Reducing food waste and promoting less
energy intensive eating habits such as no meat Mondays.
5.
INDUSTRY:
Factories should be aiming for solar heating and onsite renewable energy
generation. This could be done simply by making it a 106 type (mitigation)
condition of new builds that they include solar heating and photovoltaic
panels. Too many units were built in the last 3 years without climate
friendly features, such as EV charging points.
6.
POLITICS:
- National governing bodies need to adopt rules to eliminate
administrative wastages, restrain local authority empire building, scale
down spending on war machines, educate the public and support
sustainable social policies that mesh with other cultures transparently.
Ban kleptocratic
policies. Open your doors to transparency and a new era of honest
politics. Local authorities are famous for finding the loopholes to keep
on doing favours for mates. Simply close those loopholes with binding
statute. Any gray areas should be made black and white in writing. Even
then councils will break the law, so introduce a task force to prosecute
offending local authorities..
LINKS
& REFERENCE
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/rishi-sunak-s-dismal-failure-on-every-priority-laid-bare-as-pm-faces-dire-polling/ar-AA1dom3D
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/rishi-sunak-s-dismal-failure-on-every-priority-laid-bare-as-pm-faces-dire-polling/ar-AA1dom3D
https://www.wealdenconservatives.com/news/affordable-wealden-homes
https://www.moneywise.co.uk/news/2020-03-11/budget-2020-ps600-billion-boost-britains-infrastructure
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/11/sunak-budget-regions-liverpool-hull-chancellor-infrastructure
https://www.cityam.com/budget-2020-chancellor-rishi-sunak-promises-record-infrastructure-spend/
https://www.gov.uk/government/people/rishi-sunak
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi_Sunak
https://www.rishisunak.com/
https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/rishi-sunak-heaps-praise-on-sajid-javid-just-weeks-after-replacing-him-as-chancellor
CLIMATE
CHANGE COP HISTORY
1995
COP 1, BERLIN, GERMANY
|
2008
COP 14/CMP 4, POZNAN, POLAND
|
1996
COP 2, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
|
2009
COP 15/CMP 5, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
|
1997
COP 3, KYOTO, JAPAN
|
2010
COP 16/CMP 6, CANCUN, MEXICO
|
1998
COP 4, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
|
2011
COP 17/CMP 7, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
|
1999
COP 5, BONN, GERMANY
|
2012
COP 18/CMP 8, DOHA, QATAR
|
2000:COP
6, THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS
|
2013
COP 19/CMP 9, WARSAW, POLAND
|
2001
COP 7, MARRAKECH, MOROCCO
|
2014
COP 20/CMP 10, LIMA, PERU
|
2002
COP 8, NEW DELHI, INDIA
|
2015
COP 21/CMP 11, Paris, France
|
2003
COP 9, MILAN, ITALY
|
2016
COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1, Marrakech, Morocco
|
2004
COP 10, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
|
2017
COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 2, Bonn, Germany
|
2005
COP 11/CMP 1, MONTREAL, CANADA
|
2018
COP 24/CMP 14/CMA -, Katowice, Poland
|
2006
COP 12/CMP 2, NAIROBI, KENYA
|
2019
COP 25/CMP 15/CMA -, Santiago, Chile
|
2007
COP 13/CMP 3, BALI, INDONESIA
|
2020
COP 26/CMP 16/CMA
3, Glasgow,
Scotland
|
DESERTIFICATION
COP HISTORY
COP
1: Rome, Italy,
29 Sept to 10 Oct 1997
|
COP
9: Buenos
Aires, Argentina, 21 Sept to 2 Oct 2009
|
COP
2: Dakar
(Senegal), 30 Nov to 11 Dec 1998
|
COP
10: Changwon
(South Korea), 10 to 20 Oct 2011
|
COP
3: Recife
(Brazil), 15 to 26 Nov 1999
|
COP
11: Windhoek
(Namibia), 16 to 27 Sept 2013
|
COP
4: Bonn
(Germany), 11 to 22 Dec 2000
|
COP
12: Ankara
(Turkey), 12 to 23 Oct 2015
|
COP
5: Geneva
(Switzerland), 1 to 12 Oct 2001
|
COP
13: Ordos City
(China), 6 to 16 Sept 2017
|
COP
6: Havana
(Cuba), 25 August to 5 Sept 2003
|
COP
14: New Delhi
(India), 2 to 13 Sept 2019
|
COP
7: Nairobi
(Kenya), 17 to 28 Oct 2005
|
COP
15: 2020
|
COP
8: Madrid,
Spain, 3 to 14 Sept 2007
|
COP
16: 2021
|
BIODIVERSITY
COP HISTORY
COP
1: 1994 Nassau,
Bahamas, Nov & Dec
|
COP
8: 2006
Curitiba, Brazil, 8 Mar
|
COP
2: 1995
Jakarta, Indonesia, Nov
|
COP
9: 2008 Bonn,
Germany, May
|
COP
3: 1996 Buenos
Aires, Argentina, Nov
|
COP
10: 2010
Nagoya, Japan, Oct
|
COP
4: 1998
Bratislava, Slovakia, May
|
COP
11: 2012
Hyderabad, India
|
EXCOP:
1999 Cartagena, Colombia, Feb
|
COP
12: 2014
Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, Oct
|
COP
5: 2000
Nairobi, Kenya, May
|
COP
13: 2016
Cancun, Mexico, 2 to 17 Dec
|
COP
6: 2002 The
Hague, Netherlands, April
|
COP
14: 2018
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17 to 29 Nov
|
COP
7: 2004 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, Feb
|
COP
15: 2020 Kunming, Yunnan, China
|
UN
CLIMATE ACTION PORTFOLIOS
1.
Finance
2. Energy
Transition
3. Industry
Transition
4. Nature-Based
Solutions
5. Cities
and Local Action
6. Resilience
and Adaptation
7. Mitigation
Strategy
8. Youth
Engagement & Public Mobilization
9. Social
and Political Drivers